第十一章 犀牛做超声(第9/9页)

[6] Thomas Lovejoy,“A Tsunami of Extinction,”Scientific American,Dec.2012,33-34.

[7] 20世纪50年代推出的迷你车型,车长3米,以大众甲壳虫为竞争对手,在欧洲有着出色的销量。——译者

[8] Tim F.Flannery,The Future Eaters:An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People(New York:G.B raziller,1995),55.

[9] Valérie A.Olson and Samuel T.Turvey,“The Evolution of Sexual Dimorphism in New Zealand Giant Moa(Dinornis)and Other Ratites,”Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280(2013).

[10] Alfred Russel Wallace,The Geographical Distribution of Animals with a Study of the Relations of Living and Extinct Faunas as Elucidating the Past Changes of the Earth’s Surface,vol.1(New York:Harper and B rothers,1876),150.

[11] Robert Morgan,“Big Bone Lick,”posted online at<http://www.big-bone-lick.com/2011/10/>.

[12] Charles Lyell,Travels in North America,Canada,and Nova Scotia with Geological Observations,2nd ed.(London:J.Murray,1855),67.

[13] Charles Lyell,Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man,with Remarks on Theories of the Origin of Species by Variation,4th ed.,revised(London:J.Murray,1873),189.

[14] Quoted in Donald K.Grayson,“Nineteenth Century Explanations,”in Quaternary Extinctions:A Prehistoric Revolution,edited by Paul S.Martin and Richard G.Klein(Tucson:University of Arizona Press,1984),32.

[15] Wallace,The Geographical Distributionof Animals,150-151.

[16] Alfred R.Wallace,The World of Life:A Manifestation of Creative Power,Directive Mind and Ultimate Purpose(New York:Moffat,Yard,1911),264.

[17] Paul S.Martin,“Prehistoric Overkill,”in Pleistocene Extinctions:The Search for a Cause,edited by Paul S.Martin and H.E.Wright(New Haven,Conn.:Yale University Press,1967),115.

[18] Jared Diamond,Guns,Germs,and Steel:The Fates of Human Societies(New York:Norton,1997),43.[译文参考贾雷德·戴蒙德《枪炮、病菌与钢铁——人类社会的命运》(修订版),谢廷光译,上海译文出版社,2014年,第12页。——译者]

[19] Susan Rule et al.,“The Aftermath of Megafaunal Extinction:Ecosystem Transformation in Pleistocene Australia,”Science 335(2012):1483-1486.

[20] John Alroy,“A Multispecies Overkill Simulation of the End-Pleistocene Megafaunal Mass Extinction,”Science 292(2001):1893-1896.

[21] John Alroy,“Putting North America’s End-Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinction in Context,”in Extinctions in Near Time:Causes,Contexts,and Consequences,edited by Ross D.E.MacPhee(New York:Kluwer Academic/Plenum,1999),138.