第三部分进一步阅读书目(第2/4页)
比一般著作更有趣的论述欧洲科学、技术和经济的著作包括:Alfred Rupert Hall,The Scientific Revolution,1500~1800(Boston,1954);Herbert Butterfield,The Origins of Modern Science,1300~1800(London and New York,1957);Abraham Wolf et al.,A History of Science,Technology and Philosophy in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries,2nd ed.(New York,1951);Sir Eric Ashby,Technology and the Academics:An Essay on Universities and the Scientific Revolution(London,1958);John Francis Guimartin,Jr.,Gunpowder to Galleys:Changing Technology and Mediterranean Warfare at Sea in the Sixteenth Century(New York,1975);Fernand Braudel,Capitalism and Material Life,1400~800(New York,1973);John U.Nef,Industry and Government in France and England,1540~1640 (Philadelphia,1940);W.W.Rostow,British Economy of the Nineteenth Century(Oxford,1948)。
从现代欧美作者的众多著作中推荐阅读书目是徒劳的:我们现代语言的所有经典著作都在此列。同样,没有很多历史学家阐述了现代文化发展这个主题,所以他们宁可直接阅读原始文本。
俄国历史也许应该给予特别注意,因为本书的大多数读者也许对俄国历史的了解少于对西方世界历史的了解。Michael T.Florinski,Russia:A History and Interpretation,2 vols.(New York,1953~1954),是一本好书。Jane Harrison and Hope Mirrlees,trs.,The Life of the Archpriest Avvakum by Himself(London,1924)为读者提供了洞悉一名“旧信仰者”内心的精确而简明的论述。非常有趣的其他著作是:James Billington,The Icon and the Axe:An interpretive History of Russian Culture(New York,1966);Otto Hoetzsch,The Evolution of Russia(New York,1966);Raymond H.Fischer,The Russian Fur Trade,1550~1700(Berkeley,1943);W.E.D.Allen,The Ukraine:A History(Cambridge,1940)。Jerome Blum,Lord and Peasant in Russia(Princeton,1961)在第二部分进一步阅读书目说明中已经提及。两部有趣的著作追溯了俄国与中国关系的历史:John F.Baddeley,Russia,Mongolia and China,2 vols.(London,1919)和Michael N.Pavlovsky,Chinese-Russian Relations(New York,1949)。
非洲。除了第二部分进一步阅读书目说明中提及的非洲通史外,两部著作生动地描述了欧洲人的黑奴贸易:Basil Davidson, Black Mother:The African Slave Trade(Boston,1961)和Eric Williams,Capitalism and Slavery(Chapel Hill,N.C.,1944)。Philip D.Curtin,The Atlantic Slave Trade:A Census(Madison,Wisc.,1969)消除了以前被运往新大陆的黑奴数目的夸大估计。Leopold Marquard,The Story of South Africa(London,1955)是一本简明扼要的著作。Robert W.July,The Origins of Modern African Thought(New York,1968)和Philip D.Curtin,ed.,Africa and the West:Intellectual Responses to European Culture(Madison,Wisc.,1972)探讨了非洲的“第三世界”概念。
伊斯兰教世界。关于现代伊斯兰教世界的历史学仍然处于相当不满意的状态。下列通史著作是有帮助的:H.A.R.Gibb and Harold Bowen,Islamic Society and the West I:Islamic Society in the Eighteenth Century,2 parts(London,1950,1957);Wilfred Cantwell Smith,Islam in Modern History(Princeton,1957);Gustave E.von Grunebaum,Modern Islam:the Search for Cultural Identity(Berkeley,1962);H.A.R.Gibb,Modern Trends in Islam(Chicago,1947);和Gustave E.von Grunebaum,ed.,Unity and Variety in Muslim Civilization(Chicago,1955)。Marshall G.S.Hodgson的杰作 The Venture of Islam,3 vols.(Chicago,1974)在第二部分进一步阅读书目说明中已经列出了。Clifford Geertz,Islam Observed(New Haven,1968)分析了在伊斯兰教世界极端地区宗教与地方传统之间的相互影响。关于伊斯兰教个别地区,结果如下:George Antonius,The Arab Awakening(London,1938);Zeine N.Zeine,The Emergence of Arab Nationalism(Beirut,1966);Bernard Lewis,The Arabs in History,new ed.(London,1966);Bernard Lewis,The Emergence of Modern Turkey(New York,1961);Wilfred Cantwell Smith,Modern Islam in India:A Social Analysis,rev.ed.(London,1947);Percy Sykes,A History of Persia,3rded.,2 vols.(London,1952);和Peter Avery,Modern Iran(New York,1962)。