第十一章 各国设计简史（之二）（第56/57页）

宜家除了名列世界500强企业之外，还被《财富》杂志（Fortune ）在2006年评为全球最适宜工作（Best Companies to work）的200家企业之一，被评为“加拿大最优秀的100个雇主”之一。

进入21世纪的瑞典设计，秉承着经济实惠、功能清晰、经久耐用的一贯传统，坚守着民主意识、社会责任的原则。设计师们相信，优良的设计是提高民众生活质量和审美水平的重要手段。正如维克多·帕帕纳克在庆祝“宜家”创业50周年纪念活动上指出的：“为了让我们设计和制造出来的产品能够帮助、而不是阻碍这个星球上人类生活的可持续性，我们的设计必须有益于环保，必须符合人体工学，必须适合人体尺寸，必须符合人性，必须富于社会责任感。”（*8 ）

『A&E设计』在1980年代设计的方便提起放到任何平面上使用的台灯。

宜家的展示间不但陈列商品，也宣示着『设计是一种生活方式』。

注释

*1 　原文为："emphasized the need to tackle and solve the problems of the least privileged classes."

*2 　原文为："If the Memphis object is an affirmation of the transitory, the luxurious, the superficial, a costly and amoral object... the Zeus object is a modest, moral object with transcendental tendencies. As such, it reaffirms an absolute quality."

*3 　原文为："A chair is to have no backside. It should be beautiful from all angles."

*4 　原文为："There must be life, blood, and heart in things."

*5 　原文为："Only the simplest is best. Take away all that is unnecessary, develop the plasticity."

*6 　原文为："Every object is only the crystallization of perception, just like a poem."

*7 　原文为："The home must not be a mere effective machine. It must offer comfort, rest and cosiness. There are no puritan principles in good interior decoration."

*8 　原文为："The sustainability of life on this planet can be helped or hindered through the design and use of the objects we make. Ethical design must be environmentally and ecologically earth-friendly. It must be human-scale; it must be humane; it must be embedded in social responsibility."

参考书目

（一）意大利部分

[1] Sparke, Penny: Italian Design, Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1988, ISBN-10: 0500235317, ISBN-13: 978-0500235317.

[2] Lisa Licitra Ponti, editor: Gio Ponti: The Complete Work, 1923-1978, The MIT Press, 1990, ISBN-10: 0262161184, ISBN-13: 978-0262161183.

[3] Grace Lees-Maffei, Kjetil Fallan: Made in Italy: Rethingking a Century of Italian Design, Bloomsbury Academic, 2014, ISBN-13: 978-0857853899.

[4] Design.doc: Masterpieces of Italian Design, white Star Publishers, 2011, ISBN-13: 978-8854405844.

[5] Giampiero Bosoni, Paola Antonelli: Italian Design (MoMA Design), The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2008, ISBN-13: 978-0870707384.

[6] Gunda Dworschak, Tom Sandberg, Massimiliano fuksas, Stefano Casciani: Design in Italia: The Making of an Industry, 5 Continents Editions, 2008, ISBN-13: 978-8874394418.

[7] Francesca Balena Arista: Stefano Gionannoni: Minimum Design, Ore Cultura Srl, 2012, ISBN-13: 978-8866480525.

[8] Ugo La Pietra(Editor): Gio Ponti, Rizzoli, New York, 2009, ISBN-13: 978-0847832705.

[9] Giampiero Bosoni: Italy: Contemporary Domestic Landscapes, 1945-2000, Skira, 2002, ISBN-13: 978-8881189588.

（二）日本部分

[1] Graham Mayeda: Time, space and ethics in the philosophy of Watsuji Tetsurō, Kuki Shūzō, and Martin Heidegger, New York, Routledge, 2006, ISBN 0415976731.

[2] Paul Kunkel: Digital Dreams: The Work of the Sony Design Center, Michigen University, Universe, 1999. ISBN-10: 0789302624; ISBN-13: 978-0789302625.